Research Process
Elementary School
Definition
The systematic steps used to gather, organise, and interpret information in order to answer a question. It typically includes asking a question, collecting and recording data, analysing results, and drawing evidence-based conclusions.
Worked examples
Question: Does fertilizer affect plant growth? → Hypothesis → Experiment with control/test groups → Measure height weekly → Analyse data → Conclusion
A complete research process from initial question through controlled data collection to evidence-based conclusion.
Observing that ice melts faster on dark surfaces → Asking why → Testing different surface colours → Recording melt times → Concluding dark absorbs more heat
The process starts with observation, forms a testable question, collects measurements, and interprets results.
Common mistakes
- Skipping straight from question to conclusion without collecting data → Always collect and record data systematically before drawing conclusions Conclusions must be based on evidence gathered during the investigation, not assumptions.
- Changing the question after seeing results to match what happened → Keep the original question and explain unexpected results in the conclusion The research question guides the entire process and should not be modified to fit data.
- Recording only data that supports your hypothesis → Record all observations and measurements, including those that contradict your hypothesis Cherry-picking data produces invalid conclusions; science requires honest, complete reporting.
Where you'll use it next
You'll apply the research process in every science investigation and lab, from biology experiments to physics projects. It's also the foundation for designing fair tests, science fair projects, and understanding how scientific knowledge is built in higher courses.
See also
Reviewed by Pat Cheng, M.Ed. — StudyPug Curriculum Lead · Last updated June 6, 2026