Types of Energy
Elementary School
Definition
The different forms energy can take, such as mechanical (motion and position), thermal, electrical, chemical, light, and sound energy. Energy can be transformed from one form to another but is never created or destroyed.
Worked examples
A battery (chemical energy) powers a flashlight, producing light energy and thermal energy.
Chemical energy stored in the battery transforms into light and heat when the circuit closes.
A roller coaster at the top of a hill (mechanical potential energy) races down and speeds up (mechanical kinetic energy).
Potential energy of position converts to kinetic energy of motion as the coaster descends.
Rubbing your hands together (mechanical energy) warms them (thermal energy).
Friction transforms the mechanical energy of motion into thermal energy you feel as warmth.
Common mistakes
- Energy is lost when a lamp gets warm. → Energy is transformed from electrical to light and thermal; none is lost. Energy is conserved — it changes form but the total amount stays the same.
- Light energy and sound energy are the same because both travel as waves. → Light and sound are distinct forms; light is electromagnetic, sound is mechanical vibration. Different forms of energy have different properties even if both can be carried by waves.
- Only moving objects have energy. → Stationary objects can store potential energy (position, chemical bonds, etc.). Energy includes both kinetic (motion) and potential (stored) forms.
Where you'll use it next
You'll use energy transformations when studying circuits, photosynthesis, food webs, engines, and energy conservation laws in physics and chemistry.
See also
Reviewed by Pat Cheng, M.Ed. — StudyPug Curriculum Lead · Last updated June 6, 2026