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Grade 12 Math Courses - NY Plus (+) Standards Curriculum

Discover advanced math concepts in NY's Grade 12 Plus (+) Standards. Explore complex numbers, vectors, matrices, and trigonometry to prepare for college-level mathematics and STEM fields.

NY Grade 12 Math Curriculum: Plus (+) Standards

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ID
Math Standard Description
StudyPug Topic
NY.N-CN.A.3+
Find the conjugate of a complex number; use conjugates to find moduli and quotients of complex numbers.
Complex conjugates
Distance and midpoint of complex numbers
Angle and absolute value of complex numbers
NY.N-CN.B.4+
Represent complex numbers on the complex plane in rectangular and polar form.
Polar form of complex numbers
NY.N-CN.B.5+
Represent addition, subtraction, multiplication, and conjugation of complex numbers geometrically on the complex plane.
Operations on complex numbers in polar form
NY.N-CN.B.6+
Calculate the distance between numbers in the complex plane as the modulus of the difference, and the midpoint of a segment as the average of the numbers at its endpoints.
Midpoint formula: M=(x1+x22,y1+y22)M = ( \frac{x_1+x_2}2 ,\frac{y_1+y_2}2)M=(2x1​+x2​​,2y1​+y2​​)
NY.N-CN.C.8+
Extend polynomial identities to the complex numbers.
Solving polynomials with unknown coefficients
Factoring polynomials: x^2 + bx + c
Applications of polynomials: x^2 + bx + c
Solving polynomials with the unknown "b" from ax^2 + bx + c
Factoring polynomials: ax^2 + bx + c
Factoring perfect square trinomials: (a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2 or (a - b)^2 = a^2 - 2ab + b^2
Find the difference of squares: (a - b)(a + b) = (a^2 - b^2)
NY.N-CN.C.9+
Know the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra; show that it is true for quadratic polynomials.
Word problems of polynomials
Fundamental theorem of algebra
NY.N-VM.A.1+
Recognize vector quantities as having both magnitude and direction. Represent vector quantities by directed line segments, and use appropriate symbols for vectors and their magnitudes.
Use sine ratio to calculate angles and sides (Sin = o / h)
Introduction to vectors
Magnitude of a vector
Direction angle of a vector
NY.N-VM.A.2+
Find the components of a vector by subtracting the coordinates of an initial point from the coordinates of a terminal point.
Distance formula: d=(x2−x1)2+(y2−y1)2d = \sqrt{(x_2-x_1)^2+(y_2-y_1)^2}d=(x2​−x1​)2+(y2​−y1​)2​
Scalar multiplication of vectors
Equivalent vectors
NY.N-VM.A.3+
Solve problems involving velocity and other quantities that can be represented by vectors.
Word problems relating guy wire in trigonometry
Word problems on vectors
NY.N-VM.B.4+
Add and subtract vectors.
Slope equation: m=y2−y1x2−x1m = \frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2- x_1}m=x2​−x1​y2​−y1​​
Adding and subtracting vectors in component form
Operations on vectors in magnitude and direction form
NY.N-VM.B.5+
Multiply a vector by a scalar.
Slope intercept form: y = mx + b
Unit vector
NY.N-VM.C.6+
Use matrices to represent and manipulate data.
Notation of matrices
Adding and subtracting matrices
NY.N-VM.C.7+
Multiply matrices by scalars to produce new matrices.
Scalar multiplication of matrices
NY.N-VM.C.8+
Add, subtract, and multiply matrices of appropriate dimensions.
Matrix multiplication
The three types of matrix row operations
NY.N-VM.C.9+
Understand that matrix multiplication for square matrices is not a commutative operation, but still satisfies the associative and distributive properties.
Properties of matrix multiplication
NY.N-VM.C.10+
Understand that the zero and identity matrices play a role in matrix addition and multiplication similar to the role of 0 and 1 in the real numbers. The determinant of a square matrix is nonzero if and only if the matrix has a multiplicative inverse.
Zero matrix
Identity matrix
The determinant of a 2 x 2 matrix
The determinant of a 3 x 3 matrix (General & Shortcut Method)
The Inverse of a 2 x 2 matrix
NY.N-VM.C.11+
Multiply a vector (regarded as a matrix with one column) by a matrix of suitable dimensions to produce another vector. Work with matrices as transformations of vectors.
Transforming vectors with matrices
Transforming shapes with matrices
NY.N-VM.C.12+
Work with 2 × 2 matrices as transformations of the plane, and interpret the absolute value of the determinant in terms of area.
Finding the transformation matrix
NY.A-APR.C.5+
Know and apply the Binomial Theorem for the expansion of (x + y)^n in powers of x and y for a positive integer n, where x and y are any numbers.
Pascal's triangle
Binomial theorem
Determining the equation of a polynomial function
NY.A-APR.D.7+
Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the rational numbers, closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division by a nonzero rational expression; add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational expressions.
Negative exponent rule
Multiplying rational expressions
Dividing rational expressions
Descartes' rule of signs
NY.F-BF.B.5+
Understand the inverse relationship between exponents and logarithms and use this relationship to solve problems involving logarithms and exponents.
Product rule of logarithms
Solving exponential equations with logarithms
What is a logarithm?
Converting from logarithmic form to exponential form
Evaluating logarithms without a calculator
Common logarithms
Natural log: ln
Evaluating logarithms using change-of-base formula
Converting from exponential form to logarithmic form
NY.F-TF.A.3+
Use special triangles to determine geometrically the values of sine, cosine, tangent for π/3, π/4 and π/6, and use the unit circle to express the values of sine, cosine, and tangent for π–x, π+x, and 2π–x in terms of their values for x.
Find the exact value of trigonometric ratios
Solving expressions using 45-45-90 special right triangles
Solving expressions using 30-60-90 special right triangles
NY.F-TF.C.8+
Prove the Pythagorean identity sin^2(θ) + cos^2(θ) = 1 and use it to find sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) given sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) and the quadrant of the angle.
Pythagorean identities
NY.F-TF.C.9+
Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.
Sum and difference identities
Double-angle identities
Cofunction identities
NY.G-SRT.D.9+
Derive the formula A = 1/2 ab sin(C) for the area of a triangle by drawing an auxiliary line from a vertex perpendicular to the opposite side.
Area of triangles: 1/2 a*b sin(C)
NY.G-SRT.D.10+
Prove the Laws of Sines and Cosines and use them to solve problems.
Law of sines
Law of cosines
NY.G-SRT.D.11+
Understand and apply the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines to find unknown measurements in right and non-right triangles.
Applications of the sine law and cosine law

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