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High School Math Courses - Common Core Curriculum

Discover comprehensive Algebra II coursework aligned with Common Core standards. Master advanced algebraic concepts, functions, and trigonometry to build a strong foundation for higher mathematics.

Algebra II

Mathematics I

Common Core High School Math Curriculum - Algebra II

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Common Core ID
Standard
StudyPug Topic
CC.HSN.RN.A.1
Explain how the definition of the meaning of rational exponents follows from extending the properties of integer exponents to those values, allowing for a notation for radicals in terms of rational exponents.
Convert between radicals and rational exponents
Exponents: Product rule (a^x)(a^y) = a^(x+y)
Exponents: Division rule: a^x / a^y = a^(x-y)
Exponents: Power rule: (a^x)^y = a^(xy)
Exponents: Negative exponents
Exponents: Zero exponent: a^0 = 1
Exponents: Rational exponents
CC.HSN.RN.A.2
Rewrite expressions involving radicals and rational exponents using the properties of exponents.
Solving for exponents
Operations with radicals
Conversion between entire radicals and mixed radicals
Converting radicals to mixed radicals
Converting radicals to entire radicals
Adding and subtracting radicals
Multiplying and dividing radicals
Rationalize the denominator
Evaluating and simplifying radicals
CC.HSF.IF.A.1
Understand that a function from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range. If f is a function and x is an element of its domain, then f(x) denotes the output of f corresponding to the input x. The graph of f is the graph of the equation y = f(x).
Domain and range of a function
Function notation (advanced)
Identifying functions
CC.HSF.IF.A.2
Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains, and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of a context.
Function notation
Difference quotient: applications of functions
CC.HSF.IF.A.3
Recognize that sequences are functions, sometimes defined recursively, whose domain is a subset of the integers.
Greatest common factors (GCF)
Introduction to sequences
Sigma notation
CC.HSF.IF.B.4
For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship.
Word problems of graphing linear functions
Characteristics of quadratic functions
Relationship between two variables
Understand relations between x- and y-intercepts
Combining transformations of functions
Reflection across the y-axis: y = f(-x)
Reflection across the x-axis: y = -f(x)
Transformations of functions: Horizontal stretches
Transformations of functions: Vertical stretches
CC.HSF.IF.B.5
Relate the domain of a function to its graph and, where applicable, to the quantitative relationship it describes.
Point of discontinuity
Even and odd functions
CC.HSF.IF.B.6
Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a function (presented symbolically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph.
Rate of change
Direct variation
CC.HSF.IF.C.7
Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases.
Graphing linear functions using a single point and slope
Graphing quadratic functions: General form VS. Vertex form
Graphing exponential functions
Graphing logarithmic functions
Graphing from slope-intercept form y=mx+b
Graphing transformations of exponential functions
Sine graph: y = sin x
Cosine graph: y = cos x
Tangent graph: y = tan x
Cotangent graph: y = cot x
Secant graph: y = sec x
Cosecant graph: y = csc x
CC.HSF.IF.C.8
Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain different properties of the function.
Slope intercept form: y = mx + b
General form: Ax + By + C = 0
Point-slope form: y - y_1 = m(x - x_1)
Converting from general to vertex form by completing the square
Adding functions
Subtracting functions
Multiplying functions
Dividing functions
Operations with functions
CC.HSF.IF.C.9
Compare properties of two functions each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions).
Parallel and perpendicular lines in linear functions
Graphs of rational functions
Inequalities of combined functions
CC.HSF.BF.A.1
Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities.
Applications of linear relations
Finding an exponential function given its graph
Finding a logarithmic function given its graph
CC.HSF.BF.A.2
Write arithmetic and geometric sequences both recursively and with an explicit formula, use them to model situations, and translate between the two forms.
Arithmetic sequences
Geometric sequences
Arithmetic series
Geometric series
Infinite geometric series
CC.HSF.BF.B.3
Identify the effect on the graph of replacing f(x) by f(x) + k, k f(x), f(kx), and f(x + k) for specific values of k (both positive and negative); find the value of k given the graphs. Experiment with cases and illustrate an explanation of the effects on the graph using technology.
Transformations of quadratic functions
Transformations of functions: Horizontal translations
Transformations of functions: Vertical translations
CC.HSF.LE.A.1
Distinguish between situations that can be modeled with linear functions and with exponential functions.
Introduction to nonlinear equations
Solving exponential equations using exponent rules
Exponential decay: Half-life
Exponential growth and decay by percentage
CC.HSF.LE.A.2
Construct linear and exponential functions, including arithmetic and geometric sequences, given a graph, a description of a relationship, or two input-output pairs (include reading these from a table).
Graphing linear functions using table of values
CC.HSA.APR.A.1
Understand that polynomials form a system analogous to the integers, namely, they are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication; add, subtract, and multiply polynomials.
Multiplying binomial by binomial
Multiplying polynomial by polynomial
Polynomial functions
Factoring trinomials
Factoring difference of cubes
Factoring sum of cubes
CC.HSA.APR.B.2
Know and apply the Remainder Theorem: For a polynomial p(x) and a number a, the remainder on division by x – a is p(a), so p(a) = 0 if and only if (x – a) is a factor of p(x).
Greatest common factors (GCF)
Remainder theorem
Polynomial long division
Polynomial synthetic division
CC.HSA.APR.B.3
Identify zeros of polynomials when suitable factorizations are available, and use the zeros to construct a rough graph of the function defined by the polynomial.
Factoring polynomials: x^2 + bx + c
Characteristics of polynomial graphs
Factor theorem
Rational zero theorem
CC.HSA.APR.C.4
Prove polynomial identities and use them to describe numerical relationships.
Solving polynomials with unknown coefficients
Multiplicities of polynomials
Imaginary zeros of polynomials
CC.HSA.APR.C.5
Know and apply the Binomial Theorem for the expansion of (x + y)^n in powers of x and y for a positive integer n, where x and y are any numbers, with coefficients determined for example by Pascal's Triangle.
Pascal's triangle
Binomial theorem
Determining the equation of a polynomial function
CC.HSA.APR.D.6
Rewrite simple rational expressions in different forms.
Applications of polynomial functions
Solving polynomial inequalities
Fundamental theorem of algebra
CC.HSA.APR.D.7
Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the rational numbers, closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division by a nonzero rational expression; add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational expressions.
Negative exponent rule
Multiplying rational expressions
Dividing rational expressions
Descartes' rule of signs
CC.HSA.REI.A.2
Solve simple rational and radical equations in one variable, and give examples showing how extraneous solutions may arise.
Evaluating and simplifying radicals
Solving radical equations
Square and square roots
Cubic and cube roots
CC.HSF.LE.A.3
Observe using graphs and tables that a quantity increasing exponentially eventually exceeds a quantity increasing linearly, quadratically, or (more generally) as a polynomial function.
Parallel line equation
Quadratic function in general form: y = ax^2 + bx + c
CC.HSF.LE.A.4
For exponential models, express as a logarithm the solution to ab^ct = d where a, c, and d are numbers and the base b is 2, 10, or e; evaluate the logarithm using technology.
Quotient rule of logarithms
Combining product rule and quotient rule in logarithms
Evaluating logarithms using logarithm rules
CC.HSF.BF.B.4
Find inverse functions.
Finding the quadratic functions for given parabolas
Inverse functions
CC.HSF.BF.B.5
Understand the inverse relationship between exponents and logarithms and use this relationship to solve problems involving logarithms and exponents.
Product rule of logarithms
Solving exponential equations with logarithms
What is a logarithm?
Converting from logarithmic form to exponential form
Evaluating logarithms without a calculator
Common logarithms
Natural log: ln
Evaluating logarithms using change-of-base formula
Converting from exponential form to logarithmic form
CC.HSF.TF.A.1
Understand radian measure of an angle as the length of the arc on the unit circle subtended by the angle.
Converting between degrees and radians
Trigonometric ratios of angles in radians
Radian measure and arc length
CC.HSF.TF.A.2
Explain how the unit circle in the coordinate plane enables the extension of trigonometric functions to all real numbers, interpreted as radian measures of angles traversed counterclockwise around the unit circle.
Unit circle
CC.HSF.TF.A.3
Use special triangles to determine geometrically the values of sine, cosine, tangent for π/3, π/4 and π/6, and use the unit circle to express the values of sine, cosine, and tangent for π–x, π+x, and 2π–x in terms of their values for x, where x is any real number.
Find the exact value of trigonometric ratios
Solving expressions using 45-45-90 special right triangles
Solving expressions using 30-60-90 special right triangles
CC.HSF.TF.B.5
Choose trigonometric functions to model periodic phenomena with specified amplitude, frequency, and midline.
Graphing transformations of trigonometric functions
Determining trigonometric functions given their graphs
CC.HSF.TF.B.6
Understand that restricting a trigonometric function to a domain on which it is always increasing or always decreasing allows its inverse to be constructed.
Finding inverse trigonometric function from its graph
Finding inverse reciprocal trigonometric function from its graph
Inverse reciprocal trigonometric function: finding the exact value
CC.HSF.TF.B.7
Use inverse functions to solve trigonometric equations that arise in modeling contexts; evaluate the solutions using technology, and interpret them in terms of the context.
Evaluating inverse trigonometric functions
CC.HSF.TF.C.8
Prove the Pythagorean identity sin^2(θ) + cos^2(θ) = 1 and use it to find sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) given sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) and the quadrant of the angle.
Pythagorean identities
CC.HSF.TF.C.9
Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.
Sum and difference identities
Double-angle identities
Cofunction identities
CC.HSG.SRT.D.9
Derive the formula A = 1/2 ab sin(C) for the area of a triangle by drawing an auxiliary line from a vertex perpendicular to the opposite side.
Area of triangles: 1/2 a*b sin(C)
CC.HSG.SRT.D.10
Prove the Laws of Sines and Cosines and use them to solve problems.
Law of sines
Law of cosines
CC.HSG.SRT.D.11
Understand and apply the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines to find unknown measurements in right and non-right triangles.
Applications of the sine law and cosine law
CC.HSA.SSE.B.4
Derive the formula for the sum of a finite geometric series (when the common ratio is not 1), and use the formula to solve problems.
Geometric series
Factor by taking out the greatest common factor
Factor by grouping
Factoring difference of squares: x2−y2x^2 - y^2x2−y2
CC.HSN.CN.A.1
Know there is a complex number i such that i^2 = -1, and every complex number has the form a + bi with a and b real.
Understanding the number systems
Introduction to imaginary numbers
CC.HSN.CN.A.2
Use the relation i^2 = -1 and the commutative, associative, and distributive properties to add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers.
Combining the exponent rules
Complex numbers and complex planes
Adding and subtracting complex numbers
Multiplying and dividing complex numbers
CC.HSN.CN.A.3
Find the conjugate of a complex number; use conjugates to find moduli and quotients of complex numbers.
Complex conjugates
Distance and midpoint of complex numbers
Angle and absolute value of complex numbers
CC.HSN.CN.B.4
Represent complex numbers on the complex plane in rectangular and polar form (including real and imaginary numbers), and explain why the rectangular and polar forms of a given complex number represent the same number.
Polar form of complex numbers
CC.HSN.CN.B.5
Represent addition, subtraction, multiplication, and conjugation of complex numbers geometrically on the complex plane; use properties of this representation for computation.
Operations on complex numbers in polar form
CC.HSN.CN.B.6
Calculate the distance between numbers in the complex plane as the modulus of the difference, and the midpoint of a segment as the average of the numbers at its endpoints.
Midpoint formula: M=(x1+x22,y1+y22)M = ( \frac{x_1+x_2}2 ,\frac{y_1+y_2}2)M=(2x1​+x2​​,2y1​+y2​​)
CC.HSN.CN.C.7
Solve quadratic equations with real coefficients that have complex solutions.
Nature of roots of quadratic equations: The discriminant
Using quadratic formula to solve quadratic equations
Applications of quadratic equations
CC.HSN.CN.C.8
Extend polynomial identities to the complex numbers.
Solving polynomials with unknown coefficients
Factoring polynomials: x^2 + bx + c
Applications of polynomials: x^2 + bx + c
Solving polynomials with the unknown "b" from ax^2 + bx + c
Factoring polynomials: ax^2 + bx + c
Factoring perfect square trinomials: (a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2 or (a - b)^2 = a^2 - 2ab + b^2
Find the difference of squares: (a - b)(a + b) = (a^2 - b^2)
CC.HSN.CN.C.9
Know the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra; show that it is true for quadratic polynomials.
Word problems of polynomials
Fundamental theorem of algebra
CC.HSA.REI.C.8
Represent a system of linear equations as a single matrix equation in a vector variable.
Representing a linear system as a matrix
Notation of matrices
Adding and subtracting matrices
Scalar multiplication of matrices
CC.HSA.REI.C.9
Find the inverse of a matrix if it exists and use it to solve systems of linear equations (using technology for matrices of dimension 3 × 3 or greater).
The Inverse of a 2 x 2 matrix
Solving linear systems using 2 x 2 inverse matrices
Matrix multiplication
The three types of matrix row operations
CC.HSN.VM.C.6
Use matrices to represent and manipulate data, e.g., to represent payoffs or incidence relationships in a network.
Notation of matrices
Adding and subtracting matrices
CC.HSN.VM.C.7
Multiply matrices by scalars to produce new matrices, e.g., as when all of the payoffs in a game are doubled.
Scalar multiplication of matrices
CC.HSN.VM.C.8
Add, subtract, and multiply matrices of appropriate dimensions.
Matrix multiplication
The three types of matrix row operations
CC.HSN.VM.C.9
Understand that, unlike multiplication of numbers, matrix multiplication for square matrices is not a commutative operation, but still satisfies the associative and distributive properties.
Properties of matrix multiplication
CC.HSN.VM.C.10
Understand that the zero and identity matrices play a role in matrix addition and multiplication similar to the role of 0 and 1 in the real numbers. The determinant of a square matrix is nonzero if and only if the matrix has a multiplicative inverse.
Zero matrix
Identity matrix
The determinant of a 2 x 2 matrix
The determinant of a 3 x 3 matrix (General & Shortcut Method)
The Inverse of a 2 x 2 matrix
CC.HSG.GPE.A.2
Derive the equation of a parabola given a focus and directrix.
Conics - Parabola
CC.HSG.GPE.A.3
Derive the equations of ellipses and hyperbolas given the foci, using the fact that the sum or difference of distances from the foci is constant.
Conics - Ellipse
Conics - Hyperbola
CC.HSS.ID.A.4
Use the mean and standard deviation of a data set to fit it to a normal distribution and to estimate population percentages. Recognize that there are data sets for which such a procedure is not appropriate. Use calculators, spreadsheets, and tables to estimate areas under the normal curve.
Organizing data
Introduction to normal distribution
Normal distribution and continuous random variable
Z-scores and random continuous variables
CC.HSS.ID.B.5
Summarize categorical data for two categories in two-way frequency tables. Interpret relative frequencies in the context of the data (including joint, marginal, and conditional relative frequencies). Recognize possible associations and trends in the data.
Reading and drawing Venn diagrams
Probability with Venn diagrams
CC.HSS.CP.A.1
Describe events as subsets of a sample space (the set of outcomes) using characteristics (or categories) of the outcomes, or as unions, intersections, or complements of other events ("or," "and," "not").
Introduction to probability
Organizing outcomes
Set notation
Set builder notation
Intersection and union of 2 sets
Intersection and union of 3 sets
CC.HSS.CP.A.2
Understand that two events A and B are independent if the probability of A and B occurring together is the product of their probabilities, and use this characterization to determine if they are independent.
Probability of independent events
Multiplication rule for "AND"
Probability of independent events
CC.HSS.CP.A.3
Understand the conditional probability of A given B as P(A and B)/P(B), and interpret independence of A and B as saying that the conditional probability of A given B is the same as the probability of A, and the conditional probability of B given A is the same as the probability of B.
Conditional probability
CC.HSS.CP.B.9
Use permutations and combinations to compute probabilities of compound events and solve problems.
Permutations
Combinations
Probability involving permutations and combinations

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