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Year 12 Maths Topics

d = \sqrt{(x_2-x_1)^2+(y_2-y_1)^2}

Midpoint formula:

M = ( \frac{x_1+x_2}2 ,\frac{y_1+y_2}2)

Gradient equation:

m = \frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2- x_1}

Gradient intercept form: y = mx + b

General form: Ax + By + C = 0

Gradient-point form:

y - y_1 = m (x - x_1)

Rate of change

Graphing linear functions using table of values

Graphing linear functions using x- and y-intercepts

Graphing from gradient-intercept form y=mx+b

Graphing linear functions using a single point and gradient

Word problems of graphing linear functions

Parallel and perpendicular lines in linear functions

Applications of linear relations

Factorising

Factorise by taking out the greatest common factor

Factorise by grouping

Factorising difference of squares: x^2 - y^2

Factorising trinomials:

ax^2 + bx + c

Quadratic Functions

Characteristics of quadratic functions

Transformations of quadratic functions

Quadratic function in general form: y = ax^2 + bx + c

Quadratic function in vertex form: y = a(x-p)^2 + q

Completing the square

Converting from general to vertex form by completing the square

Shortcut: Vertex formula

Graphing parabolas for given quadratic functions

Finding the quadratic functions for given parabolas

Applications of quadratic functions

Quadratic Equations and Inequalities

Solving quadratic equations by factorising

Solving quadratic equations by completing the square

Using quadratic formula to solve quadratic equations

Nature of roots of quadratic equations: The discriminant

Applications of quadratic equations

Solving quadratic inequalities

Solving Simultaneous Equations

Determining number of solutions to linear equations

Solving simultaneous equations by graphing

Solving simultaneous equations by elimination

Solving simultaneous equations by substitution

Unknown number related questions in linear equations

Distance and time related questions in linear equations

Rectangular shape related questions in linear equations

Simultaneous Equations (Advanced)

Simultaneous linear equations

Simultaneous linear-quadratic equations

Simultaneous quadratic-quadratic equations

Solving 3 variable simultaneous equations by substitution

Solving 3 variable simultaneous equations by elimination

Solving 3 variable simultaneous equations with no or infinite solutions

Word problems relating 3 variable simultaneous equations

Inequalities in two variables (Advanced)

Graphing linear inequalities in two variables

Graphing simultaneous linear inequalities

Graphing quadratic inequalities in two variables

Graphing simultaneous quadratic inequalities

Applications of inequalities

What is linear programming?

Linear programming word problems

Imaginary and Complex Numbers

Introduction to imaginary numbers

Complex numbers and complex planes

Adding and subtracting complex numbers

Complex conjugates

Multiplying and dividing complex numbers

Distance and midpoint of complex numbers

Angle and absolute value of complex numbers

Polar form of complex numbers

Operations on complex numbers in polar form

Polynomial Functions

What is a polynomial function?

Polynomial long division

Polynomial synthetic division

Remainder theorem

Factor theorem

Rational zero theorem

Characteristics of polynomial graphs

Multiplicities of polynomials

Imaginary zeros of polynomials

Determining the equation of a polynomial function

Applications of polynomial functions

Solving polynomial inequalities

Fundamental theorem of algebra

Descartes' rule of signs

Radicals

Operations with radicals

Conversion between entire radicals and mixed radicals

Adding and subtracting radicals

Multiplying radicals

Solving radical equations

Exponents

Product rule of exponents

Quotient rule of exponents

Power of a product rule

Power of a quotient rule

Power of a power rule

Negative exponent rule

Combining the exponent rules

Scientific notation

Convert between radicals and rational exponents

Solving for exponents

Algebraic Fractions

Simplifying algebraic fractions and restrictions

Adding and subtracting algebraic fractions

Multiplying algebraic fractions

Dividing algebraic fractions

Solving equations with algebraic fractions

Applications of equations with algebraic fractions

Simplifying complex fractions

Partial fraction decomposition

Reciprocal Functions

Graphing reciprocals of linear functions

Graphing reciprocals of quadratic functions

Rational Functions

What is a rational function?

Point of discontinuity

Vertical asymptote

Horizontal asymptote

Slant asymptote

Graphs of rational functions

Solving rational inequalities

Operations of Functions

Function notation

Operations with functions

Adding functions

Subtracting functions

Multiplying functions

Dividing functions

Composite functions

Inequalities of combined functions

Inverse functions

One to one functions

Difference quotient: applications of functions

Transformations of Functions

Transformations of functions: Horizontal translations

Transformations of functions: Vertical translations

Reflection across the y-axis: y = f(-x)

Reflection across the x-axis: y = -f(x)

Transformations of functions: Horizontal stretches

Transformations of functions: Vertical stretches

Combining transformations of functions

Even and odd functions

Exponential Functions

Exponents: Product rule (a^x)(a^y) = a^(x+y)

Exponents: Division rule (a^x / a^y) = a^(x-y)

Exponents: Power rule (a^x)^y = a^(x * y)

Exponents: Negative exponents

Exponents: Zero exponent: a^0 = 1

Exponents: Rational exponents

Graphing exponential functions

Graphing transformations of exponential functions

Finding an exponential function given its graph

Logarithmic Functions

What is a logarithm?

Converting from logarithmic form to exponential form

Evaluating logarithms without a calculator

Common logarithms

Natural log: ln

Evaluating logarithms using change-of-base formula

Converting from exponential form to logarithmic form

Solving exponential equations with logarithms

Product rule of logarithms

Quotient rule of logarithms

Combining product rule and quotient rule in logarithms

Evaluating logarithms using logarithm rules

Solving logarithmic equations

Graphing logarithmic functions

Finding a logarithmic function given its graph

Applications of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Exponential growth and decay by a factor

Exponential decay: Half-life

Exponential growth and decay by percentage

Finance: Compound interest

Continuous growth and decay

Logarithmic scale: Richter scale (earthquake)

Logarithmic scale: pH scale

Logarithmic scale: dB scale

Finance: Future value and present value

Introduction to Trigonometry

Use sine ratio to calculate angles and sides (Sin =

\frac{o}{h}

)

Use cosine ratio to calculate angles and sides (Cos =

\frac{a}{h}

)

Use tangent ratio to calculate angles and sides (Tan =

\frac{o}{a}

)

Combination of SohCahToa questions

Solving expressions using 45-45-90 special right triangles

Solving expressions using 30-60-90 special right triangles

Word problems relating ladder in trigonometry

Word problems relating guy wire in trigonometry

Other word problems relating angles in trigonometry

Trigonometric Ratios and Angle Measure

Standard angle

Coterminal angles

Reference angles

Find the exact value of trigonometric ratios

ASTC rule in trigonometry (All Students Take Calculus)

Unit circle

Law of sines

Law of cosines

Applications of the sine law and cosine law

Bearings

Introduction to bearings

Bearings and direction word problems

Angle of elevation and depression

Graphing Trigonometric Functions

Sine graph: y = sin x

Cosine graph: y = cos x

Tangent graph: y = tan x

Cotangent graph: y = cot x

Secant graph: y = sec x

Cosecant graph: y = csc x

Graphing transformations of trigonometric functions

Determining trigonometric functions given their graphs

Trigonometric Identities

Quotient identities and reciprocal identities

Pythagorean identities

Sum and difference identities

Cofunction identities

Double-angle identities

Conics

Surface Area and Volume

Surface area and volume of prisms

Surface area and volume of pyramids

Surface area and volume of cylinders

Surface area and volume of cones

Surface area and volume of spheres

Sequences and Series

Infinite geometric series

Sigma notation

Arithmetic mean vs. Geometric mean

Probability

Determining probabilities using tree diagrams and tables

Probability of independent events

Probability with Venn diagrams

Permutations and Combinations

Fundamental counting principle

Factorial notation

Path counting problems

Permutation vs. Combination

Permutations

Combinations

Problems involving both permutations and combinations

Pascal's triangle

Binomial theorem

Statistics

Median and mode

Mean

Range and outliers

Application of averages

Data and Graphs

Reading and drawing bar graphs

Reading and drawing histograms

Reading and drawing line graphs

Box-and-whisker plots and scatter plots

Stem-and-leaf plots

Reading and drawing Venn diagrams

Frequency tables and dot plots

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