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Grade 1 Math
Number
3. N1.3
3.5 Converting roman numerals to numbers
Converting Roman Numerals to Numbers
Learn to read Roman numerals like IV, IX, and XL by applying symbol values and the addition and subtraction rules used to convert them to numbers.
What You'll Learn
Identify the value of each Roman numeral symbol, such as I is 1, V is 5, X is 10, L is 50, C is 100, D is 500, and M is 1000
Apply the addition rule when symbols appear in decreasing order, such as \( XV = 10 + 5 = 15 \)
Apply the subtraction rule when a smaller symbol comes before a larger one, such as \( IV = 5 - 1 = 4 \)
Recognize that a symbol can repeat at most three times in a row, so \( III = 3 \) but four is written as \( IV \)
Break longer numerals into place-value chunks to convert them, such as \( XIV = X + IV = 10 + 4 = 14 \)
Compare pairs like \( IX \) and \( XI \) to see how switching symbol order changes the value
What You'll Practice
1
Converting single-symbol Roman numerals to numbers
2
Translating multi-symbol combinations using addition rules
3
Working with subtraction cases like IV and IX
Why This Matters
Roman numerals appear everywhere in daily lifeon clocks, book chapters, movie credits, and historical dates. Learning to convert them strengthens your number sense and helps you decode information you encounter in school, entertainment, and culture.
This Unit Includes
Practice exercises
Learning resources
Skills
Roman Numerals
Number Conversion
Number Sense
Ancient Math Systems
Pattern Recognition
SK Curriculum Aligned