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Exponential growth and decay by percentage

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Grade 12 Advanced Functions, University Preparation (MHF4U)
A. Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
11. 12AF.A3.4
11.3 Exponential growth and decay by percentage

Exponential Growth and Decay by Percentage

See how a fixed percentage rate produces exponential growth or decay, and practice the formula with real step-by-step examples.


What You'll Learn

Exponential growth and decay by percentage happens when a quantity changes by the same percentage rate every time period.
The formula is A equals P times the quantity one plus r to the power t for growth, and A equals P times the quantity one minus r to the power t for decay.
P is the starting amount, r is the percentage rate written as a decimal, and t is the number of time periods.
A growth rate makes the base of the exponent bigger than one, while a decay rate makes it a fraction between zero and one.
These same ideas extend directly to half-life problems, which use a fixed decay percentage of fifty percent per period.

What You'll Practice

1

Modeling population growth with percentage increases over time periods

2

Calculating decay depth when intensity reaches a target percentage

3

Using logarithms to solve for time in exponential growth scenarios

4

Converting between time units and interpreting exponential results

Why This Matters

Understanding exponential growth and decay by percentage is essential for analyzing real-world phenomena like population dynamics, compound interest, radioactive decay, and environmental changes. This skill is foundational for biology, economics, chemistry, and any field involving rates of change over time.

Before You Start — Make Sure You Can:

This Unit Includes

2 Video lessons
Practice exercises
Learning resources

Skills

Exponential Functions
Growth Factor
Decay Factor
Logarithms
Percentage Rates
Modeling
Real-world Applications
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