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Secondary 4 Maths Topics

d = \sqrt{(x_2-x_1)^2+(y_2-y_1)^2}

Midpoint formula:

M = ( \frac{x_1+x_2}2 ,\frac{y_1+y_2}2)

Gradient equation:

m = \frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2- x_1}

Gradient intercept form: y = mx + b

General form: Ax + By + C = 0

Gradient-point form:

y - y_1 = m (x - x_1)

Rate of change

Graphing linear functions using table of values

Graphing linear functions using x- and y-intercepts

Graphing from gradient-intercept form y=mx+b

Graphing linear functions using a single point and gradient

Word problems of graphing linear functions

Parallel and perpendicular lines in linear functions

Applications of linear relations

Linear Equations (Advanced)

Introduction to linear equations

Introduction to nonlinear equations

Special case of linear equations: Horizontal lines

Special case of linear equations: Vertical lines

Parallel line equation

Perpendicular line equation

Combination of both parallel and perpendicular line equations

Applications of linear equations

Solving Simultaneous Equations

Determining number of solutions to linear equations

Solving simultaneous equations by graphing

Solving simultaneous equations by elimination

Solving simultaneous equations by substitution

Unknown number related questions in linear equations

Distance and time related questions in linear equations

Rectangular shape related questions in linear equations

Exponents

Product rule of exponents

Quotient rule of exponents

Power of a product rule

Power of a quotient rule

Power of a power rule

Negative exponent rule

Combining the exponent rules

Scientific notation

Convert between radicals and rational exponents

Solving for exponents

Exponential Functions

Exponents: Product rule (a^x)(a^y) = a^(x+y)

Exponents: Division rule (a^x / a^y) = a^(x-y)

Exponents: Power rule (a^x)^y = a^(x * y)

Exponents: Negative exponents

Exponents: Zero exponent: a^0 = 1

Exponents: Rational exponents

Graphing exponential functions

Graphing transformations of exponential functions

Finding an exponential function given its graph

Exponential Growth and Decay

Exponential growth and decay by a factor

Exponential decay: Half-life

Exponential growth and decay by percentage

Continuous growth and decay

Operations of Polynomials

What is a polynomial?

Polynomial components

Multiplying monomial by monomial

Multiplying monomial by binomial

Multiplying binomial by binomial

Multiplying polynomial by polynomial

Applications of polynomials

Pascal's triangle

Binomial theorem

Factorising Quadratic Equations

Factorise by taking out the greatest common factor

Factorise by grouping

Factorising difference of squares: x^2 - y^2

Factorising trinomials

Factoring difference of cubes

Factoring sum of cubes

Quadratic Functions

Characteristics of quadratic functions

Transformations of quadratic functions

Quadratic function in general form: y = ax^2 + bx + c

Quadratic function in vertex form: y = a(x-p)^2 + q

Completing the square

Converting from general to vertex form by completing the square

Shortcut: Vertex formula

Graphing parabolas for given quadratic functions

Finding the quadratic functions for given parabolas

Applications of quadratic functions

Quadratic Equations and Inequalities

Solving quadratic equations by factorising

Solving quadratic equations by completing the square

Using quadratic formula to solve quadratic equations

Nature of roots of quadratic equations: The discriminant

Applications of quadratic equations

Solving quadratic inequalities

Pythagorean Theorem

Squares and square roots

Pythagorean theorem

Estimating square roots

Using the pythagorean relationship

Applications of pythagorean theorem

Angles, Lines and Transversals

Pairs of lines and angles

Parallel lines and transversals

Parallel line proofs

Perpendicular line proofs

Parallel and perpendicular line segments

Perpendicular bisectors

Angle Bisectors

Properties of Triangles

Classifying Triangles

Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles

Congruent Triangles

Congruence and Congruent Triangles

Triangles Congruent by SSS Proofs

Triangles Congruent by SAS and HL Proofs

Triangles Congruent by ASA and AAS Proofs

Symmetry and Surface Area

Line symmetry

Rotational symmetry and transformations

Surface area of 3-dimensional shapes

Circle Geometry

Angles in a circle

Chord properties

Tangent properties

Circles and circumference

Arcs of a circle

Areas and sectors of circles

Inscribed Angles and Proofs

Central and inscribed angles in circles

Scale Factors and Similarity

Enlargements and reductions with scale factors

Scale diagrams

Similar triangles

Similar polygons

Surface Area and Volume

Surface area and volume of prisms

Surface area and volume of pyramids

Surface area and volume of cylinders

Surface area and volume of cones

Surface area and volume of spheres

Algebraic Fractions

Simplifying algebraic fractions and restrictions

Adding and subtracting algebraic fractions

Multiplying algebraic fractions

Dividing algebraic fractions

Solving equations with algebraic fractions

Applications of equations with algebraic fractions

Simplifying complex fractions

Partial fraction decomposition

Reciprocal Functions

Graphing reciprocals of linear functions

Graphing reciprocals of quadratic functions

Introduction to Trigonometry

Use sine ratio to calculate angles and sides (Sin =

\frac{o}{h}

)

Use cosine ratio to calculate angles and sides (Cos =

\frac{a}{h}

)

Use tangent ratio to calculate angles and sides (Tan =

\frac{o}{a}

)

Combination of SohCahToa questions

Solving expressions using 45-45-90 special right triangles

Solving expressions using 30-60-90 special right triangles

Word problems relating ladder in trigonometry

Word problems relating guy wire in trigonometry

Other word problems relating angles in trigonometry

Trigonometry

Angle in standard position

Coterminal angles

Reference angle

Find the exact value of trigonometric ratios

ASTC rule in trigonometry (All Students Take Calculus)

Unit circle

Converting between degrees and radians

Trigonometric ratios of angles in radians

Radian measure and arc length

Law of sines

Law of cosines

Applications of the sine law and cosine law

Bearings

Introduction to bearings

Bearings and direction word problems

Angle of elevation and depression

Vectors

Introduction to vectors

Magnitude of a vector

Direction angle of a vector

Scalar multiplication

Equivalent vectors

Adding and subtracting vectors in component form

Operations on vectors in magnitude and direction form

Unit Vector

Word problems on vectors

Probability

Determining probabilities using tree diagrams and tables

Probability of independent events

Probability with Venn diagrams

Statistics

Median and mode

Mean

Range and outliers

Application of averages

Data and Graphs

Reading and drawing histograms

Box-and-whisker plots and scatter plots

Derivatives

Definition of derivative

Power rule

Chain rule

Derivative of exponential functions

Product rule

Quotient rule

Introduction to Matrices

Notation of matrices

Adding and subtracting matrices

Scalar multiplication

Matrix multiplication

The three types of matrix row operations

Representing a linear system as a matrix

Solving a linear system with matrices using Gaussian elimination

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