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How to reflect a graph through the x-axis

Grade 12 Math: Master Advanced Concepts & Skills

Transformations of functions and relations

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Combining transformations of functions

Transformations of functions: Horizontal translations

Transformations of functions: Vertical translations

Reflection across the y-axis: y = f(-x)

Reflection across the x-axis: y = -f(x)

Transformations of functions: Horizontal stretches

Transformations of functions: Vertical stretches

Even and odd functions

Exponential functions and equations

Exponents: Product rule (a^x)(a^y) = a^(x+y)

Exponents: Division rule: a^x / a^y = a^(x-y)

Exponents: Power rule: (a^x)^y = a^(xy)

Exponents: Power rule

Exponents: Negative exponents

Exponents: Zero exponent: a^0 = 1

Exponents: Rational exponents

Graphing exponential functions

Graphing transformations of exponential functions

Finding an exponential function given its graph

Solving exponential equations with logarithms

Finance: Compound interest

Finance: Compound Interest

Continuous growth and decay

Solving exponential equations using exponent rules

Geometric sequences and series

Geometric sequences

Geometric series

Geometric Series

Infinite geometric series

Sigma notation

Logarithms: operations, functions, and equations

Solving logarithmic equations

What is a logarithm?

Logarithms and Exponential Growth

Understanding Logarithms through Exponential Growth

Understanding Logarithms

Converting from logarithmic form to exponential form

Evaluating logarithms without a calculator

Common logarithms

Natural log: ln

Evaluating logarithms using change-of-base formula

Converting from exponential form to logarithmic form

Product rule of logarithms

Quotient rule of logarithms

Combining product rule and quotient rule in logarithms

Evaluating logarithms using logarithm rules

Graphing logarithmic functions

Finding a logarithmic function given its graph

Polynomial functions and equations

Factoring difference of cubes

Factoring sum of cubes

Descartes&apos; rule of signs

Descartes' Rule of Signs

Descartes' rule of signs

Descartes" rule of signs

Polynomial long division

Polynomial synthetic division

Polynomial functions

Recognizing a Polynomial Function

Remainder theorem

Finding the Remainder Using Synthetic Division and the Remainder Theorem

Factor theorem

Using the Factor Theorem to Test For Factors of a Polynomial

Rational zero theorem

Rational Zero Theorem

Characteristics of polynomial graphs

Determining the equation of a polynomial function

Applications of polynomial functions

Factor by taking out the greatest common factor

Factor by taking out GCF

Factor by grouping

Factoring difference of squares: \(x^2 - y^2\)

Factoring difference of squares: <katex>x^2 - y^2</katex>

Factoring difference of squares: x^2 - y^2

Factoring trinomials

Factoring Trinomials

Multiplicities of polynomials

Imaginary zeros of polynomials

Solving polynomial inequalities

Fundamental theorem of algebra

Rational functions

What is a rational function?

Point of discontinuity

Slant asymptote

Determining the Equation of a Slant Asymptote Using Long Division

Determining the Equation of a Slant Asymptote Using Synthetic Division

Solving rational equations

Solving rational inequalities

Solving Rational Inequalities With Two Fractions

Graphing reciprocals of linear functions

Vertical asymptote

Horizontal asymptote

Horizontal Asymptote

Graphs of rational functions

Graphing reciprocals of quadratic functions

Trigonometry: functions, equations, and identities

Unit circle

Quotient identities and reciprocal identities

Pythagorean identities

Sum and difference identities

Sum and Difference Identities

Double-angle identities

Solving first degree trigonometric equations

Solving second degree trigonometric equations

Solving trigonometric equations involving multiple angles

Angle in standard position

Coterminal angles

Coterminal Angles

Reference angle

Find the exact value of trigonometric ratios

ASTC rule in trigonometry (All Students Take Calculus)

ASTC rule in trigonometry

Converting between degrees and radians

Trigonometric ratios of angles in radians

Radian measure and arc length

Sine graph: y = sin x

Cosine graph: y = cos x

Tangent graph: y = tan x

Cotangent graph: y = cot x

Secant graph: y = sec x

Cosecant graph: y = csc x

Graphing transformations of trigonometric functions

Determining trigonometric functions given their graphs

Determining non-permissible values for trig expressions

Solving trigonometric equations using pythagorean identities

Solving trigonometric equations using Pythagorean identities

Solving trigonometric equations using sum and difference identities

Solving trigonometric equations using double-angle identities

Cofunction identities

We&apos;ve got you covered with our complete help for Grade 12 math, whether it&apos;s Ontario curriculum, <a href="https://www.alberta.ca/writing-diploma-exams.aspx">Diploma exam</a> (Alberta), <a href="http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/assess/tests/index.html">Provincial test</a> (Manitoba) or <a href="https://www.saskatchewan.ca/residents/education-and-learning/departmental-exams">Departmental exam</a> (Saskatchewan).

Aligned with your class or textbook, you will get grade 12 math help on topics like Trigonometric identities, Vectors, Permutations and Combinations, Matrices, Polynomial functions and so many more. Learn the concepts with our video tutorials that show you step-by-step solutions to even the hardest grade 12 math questions. Then, strengthen your understanding with tons of grade 12 math practice. 

All our lessons are taught by experienced Grade 12 math teachers. Let&apos;s finish your homework in no time, and ACE that final.

Pre-Calculus 12

math

https://dmn92m25mtw4z.cloudfront.net/img/textbook/textbook-grade12math.png

Intro

Ex. 1

The concept behind the reflections about the x-axis is basically the same as the reflections about the y-axis. The only difference is that, rather than the y-axis, the points are reflected from above the x-axis to below the x-axis, and vice versa.

Reflection across the x-axis: y = -f(x)