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U-Substitution

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Intros
Lessons
  1. Introduction to u-Substitution
    ⋅\cdot What is uu-Substitution?

    U-Substitution
    ⋅\cdot Exercise: Find ∫(5x4−6x)cos⁡(x5−3x2)dx\int (5x^4-6x) \cos (x^5-3x^2)dx.
    - How to pick "uu"?
    - How to verify the final answer?
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Examples
Lessons
  1. Integrate: Polynomial Functions
    ∫−7x(6x2+1)10dx \int-7x(6x^2+1)^{10}dx
    1. Integrate: Radical Functions
      1. ∫x63(8−5x7)2dx \int\frac{x^6}{{^3}\sqrt{(8-5x^7)^2}}dx
      2. ∫6−3x \int\sqrt{6-3x} dxdx
    2. Integrate: Exponential Functions
      ∫e2xdx \int e^{2x}dx
      1. Integrate: Logarithmic Functions
        1. ∫(ln⁡x)3xdx \int \frac{(\ln x)^3}{x}dx
        2. ∫dxxln⁡x \int \frac{dx}{x \ln x}
      2. Integrate: Trigonometric Functions
        1. ∫sin⁡3xcos⁡x  dx\int \sin ^3 x \cos x\; dx
        2. ∫sec⁡2x(tan⁡x−1)100  dx\int \sec ^2 x(\tan x-1)^{100}\;dx
      3. Not-So-Obvious U-Substitution
        1. ∫x3−8x5dx \int \sqrt{x^3-8}x^5dx
        2. ∫31+x2x5dx \int {^3}\sqrt{1+x^2}x^5dx
        3. ∫1+x1+x2dx \int \frac{1+x}{1+x^2}dx
        4. ∫cot⁡x\int \cot x dxdx
      4. Evaluate Definite Integrals in Two Methods
        Evaluate: ∫−126−3xdx\int_{-1}^{2} \sqrt{6-3x} dx
        1. Introduction to definite integrals.
        2. Method 1: evaluate the definite integral in terms of "xx".
        3. Method 2: evaluate the definite integral in terms of "uu".
        4. Method 1 VS. Method 2.
      5. Evaluate Definite Integrals
        Evaluate: ∫0π3sin⁡θcos⁡2θdθ\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \frac{\sin \theta}{\cos ^2 \theta}d \theta
        1. Definite Integral: Does Not Exist (DNE)
          Evaluate: ∫15dx(x−3)2\int_{1}^{5} \frac{dx}{(x-3)^2}
          Topic Notes
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          You may start to notice that some integrals cannot be integrated by normal means. Therefore, we introduce a method called U-Substitution. This method involves substituting ugly functions as the letter "u", and therefore making our integrands easier to integrate. We will use this technique to integrate many different functions such as polynomial functions, irrational functions, trigonometric functions, exponential functions and logarithmic functions. We will also integrate functions with a combination of different types of functions.
          Pre-requisite:
          * Differential Calculus –"Chain Rule"
          * Integral Calculus –"Antiderivatives"
          Note:
          The main challenge in using the u−Substitutionu-Substitution is to think of an appropriate substitution.
          - Question: how to choose uu?
          - Answer: choose uu to be some function in the integrand whose differential also occurs!
          hint:
          uu is usually the inside of a function, for example:
          - the inside a power function: (u)10( u )^{10}
          - the inside a radical function: u\sqrt{u}
          - the inside of an exponential function: eue^u
          - the inside of a logarithmic function: ln⁡\ln? (u)(u)
          - the inside of a trigonometric function: sin⁡\sin (u)(u)
          Basic Concepts
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