Perfect competition in the long run
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Intros
Lessons
- Perfect Competition in the Long Run Overview:
- Long Run: Entry & Exit
- Short-run equilibrium → economic loss, profit, or breaks-even
- Long-run equilibrium → firm always breaks-even
- Firm incentive to enter market when p > ATC
- Firm exits market when p < ATC
- Long-Run: Changes to Demand
- Firm starts by making zero profit
- Increase in Demand → Economic profit
- Firms enter market → increase in supply until firms break-even
- Decrease in Demand → Economic Loss
- Firms exit market → decrease in supply until firms break-even
- Long-Run: Changes to Supply as Technology Advance
- Firms start by making zero profit
- Technology advance decrease MC & ATC → economic profit
- Firms enter market → increase in supply until firms break-even
Examples
Lessons
- Predicting Prices for Exiting & Entering the Market
Suppose the market is perfectly competitive, and you are given the following graph:Output
Total Cost
0
5
1
12
2
17
3
24
4
33
5
44
- Suppose the market is perfectly competitive, and you are given the following information
Output
Total Cost
0
8
1
16
2
22
3
30
4
40
5
52
- Understanding Changes to Demand and Supply in the Long Run
Suppose the equilibrium price and quantity is that the shutdown point. If there is an increase in demand, does that automatically assume there is economic profit? - All the firms are currently breaking even. Suppose a natural disaster destroys all the firm's low-cost plant. All the firms now must switch to a high-cost plant. Describe what happens to the marginal cost, average total cost. Do the firms still breakeven? What happens to the market in the long run? Show this graphically.